By: Dr. Kristyn Gregory, medical director of behavioral health at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan
Seasonal Mood Disorder (SMD) is classified as a mild form of depression that affects individuals during the fall and winter months due to lack of sunlight. The difference between this condition and other forms of depression on the mental health spectrum is the specific timing and environment within which it occurs. Older adults may be more susceptible to developing SMD due to the body’s decreased ability to convert and absorb vitamin D. Deficiencies in vitamin D can lead to excessive fatigue and depressed moods. Although each case is unique, doctors have developed theories around causes of SMD and the most effective methods of prevention.
Signs of SMD
Naturally, people tend to spend less time outdoors in the winter than in the spring and summer, so it’s easy to mistake the signs of SMD for typical winter, “cold weather blahs.” The key difference to note is timing, duration and whether or not the symptoms go away with warmer seasons.
- Seasonal Gloom: Consistently negative moods during the winter and fall seasons may be a symptom of SMD.
- Fatigue: Cold weather often increases the desire to spend more time in bed, but if the urge intensifies to the point that it impacts the ability to complete daily tasks, underlying issues may be at play.
- Frequent Hunger: Comfort foods are a staple of the winter months, but it’s important to recognize excessive weight gain during the season or the inability to satisfy hunger on a regular basis.
Risks of SMD
Although many of the factors contributing to SMD are out of our control, the methods of prevention are associated with changing location and focusing on physical and mental well-being.
- Environment: Those who reside in areas with shorter periods of daylight are generally more likely to experience SMD. Statistically, more cases have been reported throughout the Northern states of the U.S. than those that are closer to the equator.
- Stress: People facing stress or a major life change during the fall and winter months, may be more likely to experience SMD.
- Genetics: Family health history can contribute to the predisposal of SMD. Be aware of differences in attitude and behavior among family members during the winter months.
- Gender: Studies have shown that this condition, along with depression in general, is more common in American women than men as a result of overall genetic makeup and hormonal differences.
Treating SMD
If you suspect a friend or family member has Seasonal Mood Disorder, consider proactive ways to conquer the winter blues. Start by lending a listening ear and being a positive influence to loved ones by encouraging a change in environment or behavior. Find ways to increase exposure to light and exercise the mind through social gatherings or meditation, and ensure daily, physical activity. If symptoms of the disorder continue or worsen, consult with a physician for further guidance.
Kristyn Gregory, D.O., is a medical director of behavioral health at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. For more mental health tips, visit AHealthierMichigan.org.